Conjunctivitis Details

Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva — the thin, clear tissue that lies over the white part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelid. It is one of the most common and treatable eye conditions in both children and adults. Conjunctivitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergens, or irritants. While viral and bacterial conjunctivitis are highly contagious and can spread easily through direct or indirect contact with the eye secretions of an infected person, allergic conjunctivitis is not contagious. Most cases are mild and will clear up on their own within a few days to two weeks, but some forms may require medical treatment to prevent complications and reduce spread.

• Redness in one or both eyes
• Itchiness in one or both eyes
• A gritty feeling in one or both eyes
• A discharge in one or both eyes that forms a crust during the night
• Tearing
• Sensitivity to light
• Swelling of the conjunctiva or eyelids
• Burning sensation

• Viruses — the same viruses that cause the common cold
• Bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae
• Allergens such as pollen, dust mites, mold, or pet dander
• Irritants such as chlorine in swimming pools, smoke, or foreign objects
• Contact lens wear, especially extended-wear lenses
• Chemicals or fumes in the environment
• Sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhea in newborns
• Blocked tear duct in newborns

• Viral conjunctivitis usually resolves on its own within 7-14 days; cold compresses can help relieve discomfort
• Bacterial conjunctivitis is treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments
• Antihistamine eye drops or oral medications for allergic conjunctivitis
• Anti-inflammatory eye drops for severe inflammation
• Artificial tears to soothe irritation and flush out allergens
• Avoiding contact lenses until the infection clears
• Good hygiene practices: frequent hand washing, avoiding eye rubbing, and not sharing towels or cosmetics
• Warm compresses to loosen crusted discharge